For schools and childcare facilities, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends short-term closure to clean or disinfect if an infected person has been in a school building regardless of community spread. When there is minimal to moderate community transmission, social distancing strategies can be implemented such as postponing or cancelling field trips, assemblies, and other large gatherings such as physical education or choir classes or meals in a cafeteria, increasing the space between desks, staggering arrival and dismissal times, limiting nonessential visitors, and using a separate health office location for children with flu-like symptoms. When there is substantial transmission in the local community, in addition to social distancing strategies, extended school dismissals may be considered.[41]
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As the pandemic progresses, schools may continue with remote learning or decide to reopen. Strategies such as cohorting, rotating schedules, eating lunch in the classroom, and utilizing outdoor spaces are some ways to minimize close contact.[42] Additional precautions include face masks, hand sanitizer stations, rearranging classrooms to enable physical distancing, and frequent cleaning.[43] The CDC made a School Decision Tree to aid administrators in the planning process for reopening.[44] The American Academy of Pediatrics urges re-entry policies need to be flexible and responsive as new information about the virus emerges.[45]
The impact on academic integrity has been observed around the world.[47][48][49][50][51] A rise in contract cheating, academic file-sharing, and exam cheating[52] were identified as particularly problematic.[53] With remote learning, cheating has become far easier for students.[54] There is no remorse from students who would rather succeed in class than learn.[55] Online education has also exposed various as yet unresolved legal issues, including copyright and unapproved misuse of lectures.[56]
The lack of student to teacher interaction also led students to feel less passionate about the integrity of their work. Students turned in half-completed assignments, got the answers from friends in class, or turned in nothing at all simply because education became less important due to COVID-19.[64][65][66]
A 2021 report from the Black Education Research Collective analyzes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Black education. It evaluates how Black students, parents, educators and community members experience systemic racism during COVID.[75] The study seeks to show how the pandemic has interrupted education across the country, highlighting existing racial and economic inequities. The study also argues that even before the outbreak, students in vulnerable neighborhoods, primarily Black, Indigenous, and other majority-minority areas, faced disparities in everything from resources (ranging from books to counselors) to student-teacher ratios and extracurricular activities.[76]
In higher education, Unicamp was the first university of the country to cancel all classes, stating on 13 March. Initially, classes were cancelled until 31 March, but later the university extended the suspension until 12 April.[180] On 11 March, one student of USP was confirmed with the disease, leading one department to cancel classes for a single day,[181] and it wasn't until 17 March that the whole university cancelled classes.[182] Many universities across the country cancelled classes, such as UFV (since 16 March)[183] and UNILA (since 17 March),[184] but others remain open.
A large number of higher educational institutions cancelled classes and closed dormitories in response to the outbreak, including all members of the Ivy League,[191] and many other public and private universities across the country.[192] Many universities also expanded the use of pass/fail grading for the Spring 2020 semester.[193] On 27 March, President Donald Trump signed the CARES Act, which includes economic relief for student loan borrowers. The Act placed all federally held student loans into forbearance with no interest to be added through 30 September 2020.[194]
Online learning has become a critical lifeline for education, as institutions seek to minimize the potential for community transmission.[2][205] Technology can enable teachers and students to access specialized materials well beyond textbooks, in multiple formats and in ways that can bridge time and space.[202] Digital media in education can take many forms, including high-tech solutions such as tablet-based adaptive learning software or low-tech solutions such as radio, sms, and instructional television.[206][207] Teachers may operate in dual mode, teaching local and remote learners simultaneously.[208][209]
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools across the world began conducting classes via videotelephony software such as Zoom, Google Classroom and/or Google Meet. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has created a framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 pandemic for distance learning.[210] Whenever this was possible, the ability to teach in real time significantly helped educators handle the transition, in comparison with their colleagues who had to rely on asynchronous instruction.[211]
Lack of limitations and exceptions to copyright can also have an impact on the ability of students to access the textbooks and materials they need to study.[219] Several initiatives were taken to grant that students and teachers can have access to open educational resources, or understand copyright limitations. The International Council for Open and Distance Education issued a special website to provide webinars, tips for online teaching and resources for teachers.[220]
In New Zealand, a group of publishers agreed to allow for virtual public readings of their materials from libraries and classrooms.[221] A similar agreement took place in Australia, where the Australian Publishers Association, the Australian Library and Information Association and the Australian Society of Authors agreed on a set of exceptional measures to allow libraries to provide educational content.[222] The Australian organization AMCOS agreed to give a gratis license for all their music sheets to all schools across Australia.[223]
Secondary education is in most countries the phase in the education continuum responsible for the development of the young during their adolescence, the most rapid phase of their physical, mental and emotional growth.[268] However, according to many researchers, secondary education students have lost the structure they need in order to thrive in the secondary environment. Instead, students struggle with self-sufficiency and are at risk of falling behind due to distractors in their home and online.[269] The social-emotional wellbeing of secondary students is also of concern with a recent survey citing that 80% of students have experienced some negative impact to their mental health due to the pandemic. 20% say their mental health has significantly worsened.[270] The Center for Disease Control (CDC) suggests that students should get plenty of rest, exercise regularly, and eat well-balanced meals in order to assist in coping with the mental stressors of the pandemic.[271]
Apart from colleges losing vast amounts of income[292] undergraduate students themselves have lost vast amounts of imperative education due to COVID-19.[293] With the lack of regular education amongst all students, learning seems harder to manage. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, college students would have in-person classes, in-person office hours, and in-person extracurricular activities. However, the pandemic has created an atmosphere where students who have an idea about their future occupation, are learning essential information behind a screen. These changes have made focusing on classes built around a students selected major very difficult, as they are not experiencing what they are passionate about to the fullest extent.[294] The result of this is lost passion for specific subjects, the inability to focus on crucial information, and tainted academic integrity all over.
The closure of schools created a need for a virtual classroom portal, and Google Classroom served that purpose for many schools. It offered teachers features such as the integration of the Google Suite along with learning management tools for uploading and submitting assignments.[316] Another factor that helped Google Classroom become a large option for schools is the integration with Chromebooks that many schools had already utilized before the pandemic.[316]
The Department serves a very important and complex mission for the University of California, Los Angeles. Our faculty are responsible for providing clinical, research and allied health training for a broad spectrum of students at UCLA. Feel free to browse the various sections below to learn more about education and training programs in our Department.
DHA*817. Strategy & Operations. This course will focus on current trends in healthcare strategy, and innovations in clinical operations. Students will gain both concrete and soft skills to embrace a role to motivate and inspire others to act. Operational topics will largely be informed by the class and may include sessions regarding crucial people skills, building a high value culture, empowering teams for success, and more. Activities will vary, such as critical readings of selected books and articles related to healthcare strategy and operations, personal reflections on this topic, online discussions, and interactive activities conducive to a virtual environment. 3 S.H.
GENEC*607. Health and Genetic Deviation. This course covers the range of normal physical and cognitive development in childhood, as well as natural progression that occurs through adolescence, adulthood, and aging. Deviations are reviewed including inborn errors of metabolism, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, and classic genetic syndromes of childhood. Adult and variable onset conditions are also explored, with emphases on subspecialty areas of genetic counseling practice including cardiovascular genetics, neurogenetics, hematology, pulmonary and ophthalmology. Pathways to diagnosis, including newborn screening, are reviewed. 3 s.h. 2ff7e9595c
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